Health Implications of Air Pollution: A Review

Abstract

There are many air pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Among them, Particulate Matter
(PM) penetrate the respiratory system via inhalation, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases,
reproductive and central nervous system dysfunctions, and cancer. Furthermore, nitrogen oxide, sulfur
dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all
considered air pollutants that are harmful to humans. Diseases occurring due to short-term exposure include
respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and
long term effects are lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous
diseases.Public awareness coupled with a multidisciplinary approach by scientific experts; national and
international organizations must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable solutions.
Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed for the entire environment.