Incidence of Blood Culture Confirmed Typhoid Fever and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Typhi in a rural population of District Faridabad, Haryana, India
Keywords:
Typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, Antimicrobial resistance, Community-based surveillance, Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Active fever surveillance, Enteric fever, Blood culture.Abstract
Background: Typhoid fever remains major public health concern yet the actual prevalence in rural Indian population is limited. Objectives: This study designed to estimate the incidence of blood culture–confirmed Salmonella Typhi infection in rural community. Methodology: A prospective community-based active fever surveillance system was planned from October 2019 to April 2021 at HDSS (Ballabgarh Health and Demographic Surveillance System), India for weekly household visits. Seven largest villages were selected maximizing population coverage. Blood samples of suspected cases were tested at tertiary care hospital. Results: The incidence rate of typhoid fever in≥ 2 years of age was 17.7cases per 100,000 person-years of observation (95% CI 6.69- 28.79) [Median time to fever defervescence:14 days (interquartile range 7–17 days)]. 90% (9/10) were positive for S. Typhi and 10% (1/10) were identified as non-typhoidal Salmonella spp, All the isolates found susceptible to cephalosporins and azithromycin with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility. Conclusion: This study highlights the population-based active surveillance of typhoid fever cases in the rural India emphasizes the need of continues robust surveillance.
