Advancements in Diagnostic Techniques for Tuberculosis and Multidrug- Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB): Challenges and future perspective of Molecular Diagnostic Methods

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a contagious disease-causing significant health challenge. The surfacing of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has now begun to be a major cause of tuberculosis burden. The only way to control and manage tuberculosis is to promote accurate and timely diagnosis. This review explores the various techniques to diagnose tuberculosis and focuses on the advancements in diagnostic techniques for identification of MDR-TB. It includes various conventional techniques like sputum smear microscopy method, culture methods, and other molecular based diagnostic assays like Genexpert, Whole-genome sequencing, line probe assay etc. The comparative review is based on their sensitivity, limitations, point-of-care devices, affordability and accessibility. This analysis embraces the general diagnostic consideration of pediatric patients also. Moreover, it discusses the future perspectives to overcome the existing limitations.