Translation and Validation of Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale in Hindi: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Aim and Background: To develop and validate Hindi version of Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS)
that measures the sleep related problematic behaviours and practices. Methods: A total of 46 healthy
adolescents (15-18 years) with bilingual capability (English + Hindi) were administered 33-item English
version of ASHS followed by administration of a Hindi-translated version fifteen days apart. Internal
consistency was measured by Cronbach alpha and changed by stepwise data reduction. Test-retest validation
was done by Intra-class Correlation (ICC) at item level and Pearson correlation coefficient for total scores.
Paired 't'-test was used to compare differences in mean scores. Results: Total scores for original 33-item
scale were 95.50 ± 12.46 and 95.33 ± 11.71 respectively for English and Hindi versions. There was excellent
correlation (r=0.96) between two versions. Item wise ICC values were above 0.7 for all the items except for
item number 23 (ICC=0.446) but Cronbach alpha values were below 0.7. On stepwise data reduction, deletion
of five items (2, 5, 8, 10 and 27) resulted in achievement of internal consistency >0.7 for both language
versions. Excellent correlation between reduced English as well as Hindi versions was seen for items as well
as total scores. Conclusion: Excellent correlation at item as well as total score level of both full and reduced
Hindi versions of ASHS but reduced version had a higher internal consistency even in small sample size
considerations. Clinical Significance: Hindi version of ASHS could be used in Indian Hindi-speaking
adolescent population to highlight the sleep related problematic behaviour and practices.