Epidemiological Profile of Skin Diseases in Haldwani, District Nainital: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Skin diseases have a major contribution to morbidity, frequently influenced by environmental, socio-demographic, and behavioural factors. Understanding their pattern is essential for early diagnosis and prevention. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and types of skin diseases and analyze their association with socio-demographic and environmental factors in the study population. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 570 participants selected by systematic random sampling. Data on demographic, environmental, and clinical parameters were collected using a pretested questionnaire and physical examination. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, chi-square tests, and crude odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Data analysis was done through R studio software. Results: Skin disease prevalence was 34.9% categorize into non-infectious conditions (69.8%) more common than infectious (30.2%). Eczema (6.1%) and pigmentary disorders (5.6%) were the most frequent non-infectious conditions, while fungal infections (4.5%) led among infectious types. Skin diseases were significantly associated with age (p<0.001), sex (p=0.011), and occupation (p=0.006). Participants aged >60 years had the highest odds (OR: 7.69), and females had 1.58 times higher odds than males. Primary education (OR: 2.50) and poor hygiene (OR: 1.96) also showed higher risk. Conclusion: Skin diseases remain a common health issue, particularly among the elderly, females, and those with limited education or hygiene. Targeted education, environmental improvements, and accessible dermatological care are essential for prevention and control.